考古学研究会
<考古学研究会事務局>
〒700-0027
岡山県岡山市北区清心町16-37長井ビル201
TEL・FAX 086-255-7840
〒700-0027
岡山県岡山市北区清心町16-37長井ビル201
TEL・FAX 086-255-7840
会誌『考古学研究』
Vol.57 No.3(227),December,
2010
CONTENTS
PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 56h ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
SOCIETY:
HIERARCHY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE, Part 2
Hierarchical structure in the Kofun period of
protohistoric Japan: Its complexity and homogeneity
HAYASHI Masanori
Structure of dual paramountship in Japan and
Oceania
ISHIMURA Tomo
ARTICLESHAYASHI Masanori
Abstract: In considering the
hierarchical structures of a past society, it is necessary to be
conscious of what aspects of society they reflect. In the Kofun
period, various hierarchies of both “quality” and “quantity” were
mixed together in the social hierarchies of burial mound scale and
grave goods. Sorting these out while analyzing the Kofun period
diachronically, the complex systems of hierarchy in the Early Kofun
are seen to change toward a homogeneous hierarchical structure of
the Late Kofun period. Also, while the hierarchy of mound size was
grounded in local communities, that of grave goods was based on the
occupational role of the person interred. These contrasts show
graphically the change in social hierarchy from a fluid to a more
fixed structure over the Kofun period.
Keywords: hierarchical
structure; complexity; homogeneity; local communities; occupational
role.
ISHIMURA Tomo
Abstract: Examples of dual
paramountship, in which a sacred and a secular king exist
collaterally in one political entity, have been observed in many
parts of the world. In this paper first I analyze the case of Tonga
in Polynesia in order to clarify the structure of dual
paramountship. The study revealed that there was a symbolic dualism
between females and males in that society, and identified three
conditions for the emergence of dual paramountship; the existences
of ambilateral ramage, dualism of females and males, and a system of
prestige-goods. Comparative studies on the cases of Samoa and Hawaii
in Polynesia demonstrated that obvious dual paramountships were not
observed in either case, but dualistic structures between sacred and
secular were recognized in these societies. Further analyses on the
cases of the Ryukyu Kingdom and the Yamatai Kingdom in the Japanese
archipelago suggested the possible existence of dual paramountships
in these societies. This implies that there were latent cultural and
historical links between the Japanese archipelago and Oceania.
Keyword: Dual paramountship;
ramage; dualism; asymmetric exchange; prestige-goods
system.
Comments and Discussion
A study on the relationship between the forms of
knife-shaped blades and the early Upper Palaeolithic sites in Akita
prefecture
YOSHIKAWA Kohtaro
From Jomon to Yayoi: A case study on the Okayama plain
KUSAHARA Takanori
RESEARCH
NOTEYOSHIKAWA Kohtaro
Abstract: The knife-shaped
blade (backed point) is a stone-tool representative of the Japanese
Upper Palaeolithic period though recently Japanese Palaeolithic
archaeologists have begun to re-examine the definition of these
blades. This paper discusses the issues related to the correlations
between the morphology of knife-shaped blades and early Upper
Palaeolithic sites in Akita Prefecture, Tohoku region.
Archaeologists in this region have considered knife-shaped blades in
the early Upper Palaeolithic period as unitary. However, we can
recognize five tool types through an analysis of the relationship
between lithic technique and form.
Site type A1/A2 has two kinds of knife-shaped blades, whose size shows considerable variety. Alternatively, site type B2 features four or five kinds. These tool characteristically feature pointed bases associated with hafting. Additionally, the size of knife-shaped blades at type B2 sites is smaller than those at type A1/A2. An analysis of the cross-section area of the tool revealed that the penetration of knife-shaped blades of B2 increased compared to those of A1. The Palaeolithic chronologies established in the Chubu and Kanto regions indicate that the characteristics of knife-shaped blades at type A1/A2 sites are older than those at B2. Therefore it is understood that site type B2 arose from A1/A2.
This transformation indicates that knife-shaped blades were employed in hunting Through a refitting study and a minimum analytical nodule analysis, we are able to establish that the knife-shaped tools at A1/A2 were carried there from another site, however, tools at B2 were produced and discarded at the site. Thus, the form and composition of knife-shaped blades need to be considered in the context of the relationship between the site of tool production and site of tool abandonment.
Site type A1/A2 has two kinds of knife-shaped blades, whose size shows considerable variety. Alternatively, site type B2 features four or five kinds. These tool characteristically feature pointed bases associated with hafting. Additionally, the size of knife-shaped blades at type B2 sites is smaller than those at type A1/A2. An analysis of the cross-section area of the tool revealed that the penetration of knife-shaped blades of B2 increased compared to those of A1. The Palaeolithic chronologies established in the Chubu and Kanto regions indicate that the characteristics of knife-shaped blades at type A1/A2 sites are older than those at B2. Therefore it is understood that site type B2 arose from A1/A2.
This transformation indicates that knife-shaped blades were employed in hunting Through a refitting study and a minimum analytical nodule analysis, we are able to establish that the knife-shaped tools at A1/A2 were carried there from another site, however, tools at B2 were produced and discarded at the site. Thus, the form and composition of knife-shaped blades need to be considered in the context of the relationship between the site of tool production and site of tool abandonment.
Keywords: Early Upper
Palaeolithic; knife-shaped blade; form; size; site
type.
From Jomon to Yayoi: A case study on the Okayama plain
KUSAHARA Takanori
Abstract: This article
discusses how wet-rice agriculture was established from the time of
tottaimon (clay band decoration) pottery to the Early Yayoi period,
based on a case study on the Okayama plain, situated in the mid
Setouchi region. First, the author examines the possible
archaeological evidence for rice agriculture, such as paddy remains
and stone tools considered to have been agricultural implements in
the tottaimon pottery period, but finds none of this evidence
conclusive. He accordingly proposes that the tottaimon pottery
period was an era of hunter-gatherers, but since tottaimon pottery
and Jomon type stone tools (such as tanged stone scrapers and stone
rods) continued to exist into the Early Yayoi period, and also since
some Yayoi pottery imitated tottaimon ceramics, then
hunter-gatherers may be thought to have coexisted with
agriculturalists. He further argues that complex intergroup
relationships emerged in the Early Yayoi period between successful
farmers, failed farmers, and hunter-gatherers, with friction likely
to erupt especially at times of food shortages. Accordingly, while
moated settlements appeared, they also came to an end within the
Early Yayoi period, as friction abated with the reorganization of
social groups for the development of new rice paddy, and the
hunter-gatherers were fully converted into farmers.
Keywords: Hunter-gatherers;
farmers; inter-group conflict; moated settlements; wet-rice
agriculture.
Torii Ryuzo's explorations on the Korean
peninsula and their historical background
ISHIO Kazuhito
ISHIO Kazuhito
Abstract: Torii Ryuzo was
engaged in explorations on the Korean peninsula as a researcher
commissioned by the Government-General of Korea from 1911, following
preliminary research in the previous year. The itinerary of these
explorations as described in his autobiography, Aru rogakuto no
shuki (Field Notes of an Old Researcher), has been widely accepted.
In this paper I examine his personal letters to Ando Seigaku, a
close friend of Torii, and show that the periods of these
explorations need to be reconsidered. As a result, his first
exploration is seen to have been carried out in Hamgyeong province
from July 1911 to March 1912. The second was in the Yalu river area
from October 1912 to March 1913. The third was in the southern part
of the Korean peninsula, in the provinces of Gyeongsang and Jeolla,
from January to July 1914. In the fourth, from August to December
1915, he started from Northern and Southern Chungcheong and Gyeonggi
provinces, then crossed the central mountains and explored Gangwon
province on the east coast, before stopping over at Tsushima on his
way back to Japan. The fifth was from September to December 1916,
when he visited Pyeongannam, Hwanghae, and Gyeonggi provinces, and
investigated archaeological sites such as Mirimri near Pyongyang and
Monggimpo on the west coast. In the sixth, he again explored the
southern part of the peninsula from October 1917 to January 1918. He
also visited the Korean peninsula in 1920 and 1932, during the
period his autobiography states that he maintained a distance from
Government-General of Korea.
Keywords: Torii Ryuzo
Government-General of Korea; exploration of the Korean peninsula;
Aru rogakuto no shuki (Field Notes of an Old Researcher); Ando
Seigaku.
REPORTS, NEWS AND APPEALS
Excavations of Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island
and current study of the Pleistocene human remains in Okinawa
YAMAZAKI Shinji, KATAGIRI Chiaki and YONEDA Minoru
Repoat of attendance at Saitama and Chiba round of the 'excavation of municipal administration of the buried cultural properties'
OMURA Koji and YOSHIDA Takashi
Repoat of attendance at the 15th Meeting of the Society in Tokai: Aspects of the period of emergent kofun timuli in Tokai region
WATAI Hideyo
Problems in teaching pre-Culumbian American history in Japan: Toward a more global 'real world history'
AOYAMA Kazuo, SAKAI Masato, INOUE Yukitaka, YOSHIDA Shigeto and TATARA Yutaka
Reconstruction of the midday gun battery at Handa-yama, Okayama city
KIBATA Hironobu, KAMEDA Shuichi and SHIRAISHI Jun
YAMAZAKI Shinji, KATAGIRI Chiaki and YONEDA Minoru
Repoat of attendance at Saitama and Chiba round of the 'excavation of municipal administration of the buried cultural properties'
OMURA Koji and YOSHIDA Takashi
Repoat of attendance at the 15th Meeting of the Society in Tokai: Aspects of the period of emergent kofun timuli in Tokai region
WATAI Hideyo
Problems in teaching pre-Culumbian American history in Japan: Toward a more global 'real world history'
AOYAMA Kazuo, SAKAI Masato, INOUE Yukitaka, YOSHIDA Shigeto and TATARA Yutaka
Reconstruction of the midday gun battery at Handa-yama, Okayama city
KIBATA Hironobu, KAMEDA Shuichi and SHIRAISHI Jun
BOOK REVIEWS
INADA Takashi. The Onbara 1 prehistoric site and
Traveling and colonization of palaeolithic people: the Onbara
sites
IKEDA Susumu
KAJIWARA Yoshimi. Study of the Kokubunji temple roof tiles
HISHIDA Tetsuo
IKEDA Susumu
KAJIWARA Yoshimi. Study of the Kokubunji temple roof tiles
HISHIDA Tetsuo
NEW BOOK
MORISAKI Kazutaka. Structural change and regional
adaptation in palaeolithic society
NEW PERSPECTIBES IN ARCHAEOLOGY
Redefining the remains of warfare(3): An archaeology
of war in paradise: Underwater archaeology of WW2 vessels
in Parau
ISHIMURA Tomo
ISHIMURA Tomo
REGIONAL REPORT
News from Kochi
KUGA Takayoshi
KUGA Takayoshi
VISIT TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Historic site of Sarugahana Cave, Matsue city, Shimane
prefecture
YAGIURA Shun'ichi
Kanmer site, Gujarat, India
Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature
YAGIURA Shun'ichi
Kanmer site, Gujarat, India
Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature
MESSAGE FROM THE COMMITTEE