会誌『考古学研究』

Abstract: This paper examines metal fittings, excavated from tombs of the southern part of the Korean peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, that were decorative metalwork for a type of quiver (koroku) which spread from Northeast China during the Kofun period, and aims to examine how the products were distributed in these areas.
　First, the quiver fittings for the southern part of the Korean peninsula are divided into four distributional types, interpreted in relation with the political powers of Silla, Baekje, Daegaya and Aragaya. Next, by assessing the chronological relations of quivers from Japan with those of the southern Korean peninsula, the state of interregional exchange is reconstructed for successive periods. Further, focus is placed on distributional change within Japan. Although koroku quivers were introduced into Japan in the first half of the fifth century, not many are known as burial goods in the Kinai region, because the traditional style of quiver (yuki) was well established. But from the end of the fifth century, koroku quivers multiplied rapidly in the Kinai region, in addition to the numbers of such finds increasing over a wider area. It is concluded that the acceptance of koroku quivers in the Kinai region triggered the wider distribution and establishment of this style of quiver in Japan.

Keywords: Kofun period; Japan-Korea relationship; Kinai region; metal fittings for quivers; distribution.

Abstract: This paper classifies ceramic coffins according to their manufacturing techniques and physical characteristics, presents their chronological order and regional variation, and explores a historical transition in ceramic coffin manufacturing groups and its implication for understanding political and social conditions in the Kinai and Kibi regions from the late Kofun to the Asuka periods. Ceramic coffins initially appeared in the southern Kawachi area of the Kinai region around the mid-sixth century, and in the southern Bicch? area of the Kibi region in the latter part of that century under Kinai influence. They remained in use until the early eighth century. This study classifies ceramic coffins into 22 types, and demonstrates that those distributed in the Kinai region were different from their counterparts in the Kibi region. In the Kinai region, unglazed ceramic coffins with tortoise-shaped roofs were associated with the Haji clan, a group of unglazed pottery makers, while stoneware ceramic coffins with hipped roofs were related to groups of Sue stoneware makers. The distributional situation in the Kibi region was more complicated. In the beginning, ceramic coffins were used by local elite groups monopolizing iron making, but later they came to be used by groups of handicraft manufacturers such as potters and blacksmiths.

Keywords: Ceramic coffins; typological changes; temporal change in distribution; Kinai; Kibi.

Abstract: This paper examines the changes in socioeconomic differentiation at the Nakanotani Matsubara site during the Early Jomon period through an examination of the rank-size distribution of the area of house floors. By plotting the rank-size distribution we can understand the socioeconomic relationships between individual households.
　As productivity increased, social inequality and elitism appeared and the rank-size graphs illustrate the appearance of this inequality. However, following this the process of increasing social complexity did not continue, and the number of houses decreased.
　I suggest that the process of increasing social complexity does not follow a simple unilineal trajectory. At this site, it seems that it was crucial for the village members to have equal access to resources and exchange networks. So when the elites appeared and monopolized the access to resources and exchange networks, the settlement reduced in scale.

Keywords: Rank-size distribution; elite; the area of house floor; early Jomon period; socioeconomic change.

Abstract: Carbon, nitrogen, and strontium isotope analyses on human skeletal remains were performed to reveal the diet and migration of Jomon populations. Dietary differences based on gender were found among the Ota population and difference between tooth ablation groups was found among the Inariyama population. Type 4I individuals showed greater dependence on terrestrial food, while type 2C individuals were more dependent on marine food. Strontium isotopes in tooth enamel identified immigrants among the Yoshigo and Inariyama populations. Both males and females migrated between populations, and both type 4I and 2C groups included immigrants. Strontium isotope results as well as carbon and nitrogen isotope data from Inariyama supports the hypothesis that ritual tooth ablation reflects dietary differences throughout an individual?s life.

Keywords: Jomon period; human skeleton; ritual tooth ablation; diet; migration.