会誌『考古学研究』

CONTENTS

Vol.66　No.3（263）, December 2019

LECTURE DELIVERED AT THE 65th GENERAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY

• The emergence of authority in pottery making and social rank in the Late Jomon period: Inference from an ethnographical consideration
• TAKAHASHI Ryuzaburo
  Abstract: Two decades of field research in East Cape, Milnebay Province, Papua New Guinea has provided good ethnoarchaeological evidence for the understanding of the formation of pottery types. Social elements such as kinship systems, marriage systems and post-marital residence patterns have a great influence on the knowledge and technology of the potters. This evidence also allowed us to evaluate the social status and rank of Late Jomon potters. Potters of today in East Cape have a connection to a special spiritual world when making pottery with magic, sorcery and witchcraft, which people believe bestows upon them a special authority as a master potter.

  Keywords: ethnoarchaeology; pottery types; authority; magic; Jomon.

PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 65th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY: WHAT IS POWER?: AS SEEN THROUGH PRODUCTION AND CIRCULATION, Part 2

• Generation of authority in the Kofun period as seen from the production and distribution of haniwa
• HIROSE Satoru
  Abstract: Originally a task for preparing a burial mound as ritual space, the production of haniwa became a specialized occupation in conjunction with the elaboration of mortuary rites, and a system of intensive production aimed at the centralized supply of haniwa on a scale of entire groups of tombs temporarily emerged in the Middle Kofun period. As movements between center and periphery of artisans coming for service to the monarchy and then returning to their home regions progressed, the symbolic hierarchy of tombs and haniwa with the monarchy at the apex developed on the basis of such direct relations, and in the middle portion of the Middle Kofun period the difference in status between royal tombs and all others was greatly enhanced.
  　On the other hand, in the Late Kofun period the Middle Kofun production system dissolved, and haniwa production diversified in various regions. While a developing self-reliance on the part of regional chiefs and artisans has conventionally been interpreted as the background, during this period the hierarchical order manifested by the number of sections composing cylindrical haniwa became rather more precisely drawn, and moreover from the fact that this order is recognized as shared across production sites or localized lines of haniwa manufacture, the Late period monarchy can be regarded as creating hierarchical order through indirect regulation of such sectional composition or the placements of haniwa, even while leaving the production itself of haniwa to the discretion of the regions.
  　In this contribution, the differences in such relations of authority as seen above between Middle and Late period haniwa production are treated with two models contrasting as a direct mode of control versus an indirect mode of regulation, and it is shown how the latter mode can be understood as a way of exercising authority under a higher system of political order.

  Keywords: production of haniwa; distribution; organization of production; movements of artisans; hierarchization.

ARTICLES

• Typological study based on tomb dates of the zodiac band group of hōkaku T mirrors recovered from Japan and Korea
• TOKUDOMI Kōichi
  Abstract: This contribution reexamined the typological research that had been presented in the 1990s on hōkaku T mirrors, by ascertaining the typological sequence based on the dates of archaeological contexts for the zodiac band group among hōkaku T mirrors. The results did not show a smooth reduction in mirror diameter as had been heretofore casually assumed, but rather traced out a more complex course of transition. Also, three points of change centering on the Middle Kofun period were discerned in that transition, which cannot be explained by the theory, developed from the latter half of the 1990s, that hōkaku T mirrors were produced by the Jin dynasty. If a theory of Chinese manufacture is taken for these items their importation would have extended to the Northern and Southern dynasties, whereas if they are held to have been produced domestically it becomes necessary to explain the typological change as occurring within the Japanese archipelago. Further, as a result of considering the background to these items’ manufacture together with their chronological age, it was clearly shown that the zodiac band group of hōkaku T mirrors were produced within a limited region.

  Keywords: zodiac band group of hōkaku T mirrors  Kofun period; typological study; chronology; mirror production.
• Transformation in the use of cinnabar and its background as seen from the emergence of Kofun period stone mortars and pestles
• ISHII Tomohiro
  Abstract: This contribution investigated the transformation, and its historic background, in the use of cinnabar in rituals in the Early Kofun period, through an examination of the stone objects used for grinding it. While the archaeological study of cinnabar is difficult due to its powdered form, by taking these stone items as the object of examination, it is possible to deepen inquiry into the use of cinnabar.
  　As stone objects used in grinding cinnabar, a whetstone-shaped stone pestle and a platform-like stone mortar are employed as a set. Among these, carefully fashioned items dating from the first portion of the Early Kofun, slightly after the start of the Kofun period itself, are recovered from an area centering on Kinki and the western portion of the Tōkai regions. From their shapes and methods of use, these are seen to derive from stone mortars and pestles used in this area in the Yayoi period, and as having emerged through executing their forms to give exaggerated expression to their functionality, strengthening their nature as ritual utensils. This indicates a significant change from the Yayoi period in rituals utilizing cinnabar.
  　At the same time, jasper/green tuff stone objects also newly appear as ritual implements in the area from the Kinki to the western Tōkai regions. Taking this into account, the emergence of carefully fashioned stone mortars and pestles, and the change they reflect in rituals utilizing cinnabar, can be regarded as one link in the reformulation of ritual that was carried out in the early portion of the Early Kofun period to strengthen ties between the initial Yamato polity and groups such as those in the western Tōkai region.

  Keywords: cinnabar; ritual; stone pestle; stone mortar; Early Kofun period.

RESEARCH NOTE

• Derivation of Nagahara-type clay figurines: Clay figurines of the Final Jōmon period in the Kinki region
• KANEKO Akihiko
Abstract: With regard to the Nagahara-type clay figurines distributed in the Kinki region in the Final Jōmon period, Teramae Naoto has argued for an origin in the bent-leg (“sitting”) clay figurines of the Tōhoku region. In this contribution I critique Teramae's theory, along with presenting a counter-proposal. The greatest problem with Teramae's view is that Tōhoku bent-leg figurines are completely absent in the Kinki region, as either imported examples or imitations, on the eve of the appearance of the Nagahara-type items. The pants-like feature characteristic of Tōhoku bent-leg figurines at this time is not seen in Nagahara-type examples, and since the decorative elements (expressions of human form) of the latter are most likely derived from Kinki clay figurines of the early portion of the Final Jōmon, I believe that the characteristic Nagahara-type form also originated from the Kinki line of slit-goggle clay figurines.
Keywords: Final Jōmon period; Kinki region; Nagahara-type clay figurines; bent-leg clay figurines.

REPORTS, NEWS AND APPEALS

• The Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long and the Vietnamese National Assembly Building underground museum
• KIKUCHI Seiichi
• The current state of preservation efforts of underwater archaeological sites in Japan and overseas
• SEINO Takayuki, Randy SASAKI and FUJII Kōji
• A report of the fourth public opening day for specialists of the conservation laboratory for the murals of the Takamatsuzuka tomb site (National Treasure)
• HIGO Hiroyuki and TOMII Makoto
• Concerning the inscription of the Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group on the UNESCO World Heritage List
• Planning committee of the standing committee
• The Aichi Triennale incident and archaeological research
• Standing Committee of the Society

BOOK REVIEW

• OKABAYASHI Kousaku. The structure and lineage of Kofun-period coffins and chambers
• UEDA Naoya

NEW BOOKS

• YAMAZAKI Takeshi. The archaeozoology of the beginning of agriculture in the Japanese archipelago
• MARUYAMA Masashi
• YOSHIMURA Takehiko, YOSHIKAWA Shinji and KAWAJIRI Akio (eds.). Keyhole-shaped mounded tombs: Why were giant mounded tombs constructed?
• IWAMOTO Takashi

ARCHEO-FOCUS

• Survey of Hōkiyama tomb no. 1, Akō City, Hyōgo Prefecture
• Akou City Board of Education
• Excavation of the Rokushō Temple site group (the Enshō Temple site) and the Shirakawa quarter site in Kyōto City
• ITO Atsushi and TOMII Makoto

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