会誌『考古学研究』

Abstract: The positivistic nature of J?mon settlement research has intensified, based on the continually increasing amount of archaeological evidence in recent years. Such analyses based on excavated materials would lead to the accumulation of a sound and shared foundation for the discussion of settlement structure and society, a discussion which has been prone to fall into arbitrary interpretation. Synchronic examination of a landscape of a settlement forms the basis of such endeavors, by identifying contemporary houses and structures for realistic reconstruction of the settlement on a finer chronological scale. Although systematic understanding of J?mon settlements is still in the process of development, I will discuss current achievements and a future vision for J?mon settlement studies.

Keywords: Synchronic settlement models; positivistic analysis; synchronic landscape; analysis of archaeological site group.

Abstract: In the wake of the founding of Manchukuo, Rokuji Morimoto and Yukio Kobayashi proposed a theory of Yayoi pottery styles, stating that Yayoi pottery originated in the southern Manchurian region and spread within the Japanese archipelago from west to east. In plain terms, their theory turns Yayoi pottery into a kind of anthropomorphic character in a tale of cultural diffusion and eastward advancement. In addition, the theory expediently borrowed the idea from Sugao Yamanouchi of a distinction between fine and coarse wares in Kamegaoka type J?mon pottery. In short, their theory merely followed the fashion of the day. After World War II, Kobayashi published Nihon kodai bunka no shomondai (Some Issues on Ancient Culture in Japan), asserting that Ongagawa style Yayoi pottery split erratically into various Yayoi styles throughout the archipelago, in disregard of  Yamanouchi?s chronological studies of J?mon pottery, while expressing his opinion that comb-incised pottery in the Kinai region was an amalgam of J?mon and Yayoi styles, and also revealing his use of ancient myths from Kojiki (A Record of Ancient Matters) and Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan) as a framework for reference. In conclusion, the theory of Yayoi pottery styles of Morimoto and Kobayashi was not based upon scientific observation.

Keywords: Tale of cultural diffusion and eastward advancement; anthropomorphic character; Kamegaoka type J?mon pottery; Kojiki and Nihon shoki; Ongagawa style Yayoi pottery.

Abstract: In this paper I first detect several lines of the study of “chiefly tomb lineage” and point out its characteristics and defects. Then, I clarify contents of the “lineage” in detail by investigation of (1) the possession of mirrors, (2) continuity, (3) the possibility of the construction of several chiefly tombs in a generation, (4) multiple burials in a tumulus in elite groups which built series of chiefly tombs. In conclusion, I suggest series of chiefly tombs were unstable because of competing and fluctuating relationship between elite groups, and certain influential group which had superiority in such a situation constructed the series of chiefly tombs in order to fix their own identity.

Keywords: Chiefly lineage; elite group; long-term possession; multiple burials in a tumulus; bronze mirror.

Abstract: In Korea, archaeological excavations in underwater and inter-tidal areas have lately achievedlead to the discovery of ships built with technologies originating in the Korean Peninsula. A total of five ships have been identified, including the first initial discovery of the Wando ship in 1983, and since then the Dalido ship (1995), the Shibidongpado ship (2003), the Anjwa ship (2005), the Daebudo ship (2006), and the Taean ship (2007) in sequence of the discovery. All of the ships are from the Goryeo Dynasty?s ships and range in date from the end of the 11th century to the 14th century, and the hulls of these ships show identical feature, consisting of a flat bottom structure. This paper outlines the structural characteristics of these ships in terms of a maritime archaeological perspective and addresses the possible impact of their construction methods on the Japanese shipbuilding tradition. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a room for development and reconsideration of the existingent theory of the historical development of indigenous Japanese ships.

Keywords: Maritime Archaeology; Theory of historical ship construction; Goryeo Dynasty; Shipbuilding on the Korean Peninsula; Traditional Japanese ships.