考古学研究会
<考古学研究会事務局>
〒700-0027
岡山県岡山市北区清心町16-37長井ビル201
TEL・FAX 086-255-7840
〒700-0027
岡山県岡山市北区清心町16-37長井ビル201
TEL・FAX 086-255-7840
会誌『考古学研究』
Vol.59 No.3(235),December,
2012
CONTENTS
PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 58th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
SOCIETY: METHOD
AND THEORY IN JAPANESE ARCHAEOLOGY, Part
2
Methodologies of Japanese archaeology: In
comparison to American archaeology
SASAKI Ken’ichi
SASAKI Ken’ichi
Abstract: This paper discusses the
methodologies of Japanese archaeology in comparison to American
archaeology. Japanese archaeology heavily depends on a deductive
approach, and Japanese archaeologists start archaeological
discussions with the results of excavations and the detailed
observation of artifacts. Indeed, excavation and artifact
observation are the foundation of Japanese archaeology. For this
reason, Japanese archaeologists spend an enormous amount of time and
effort on these two aspects of archaeology. This may seem to be a
detour from an American standpoint; nevertheless, these
sophisticated excavation techniques allow Japanese archaeologists to
uncover various archaeological features, and detailed observation of
artifacts allows archaeologists to extract a significant amount of
anthropological and historical information on their backgrounds.
This eventually leads Japanese archaeologists to the formation of
rich theories for the interpretation of the past.
Keywords: Deductive approach;
inductive approach; theoretical archaeology; methodology; American
archaeology.
Comments and Discussion
ARTICLE
RESEARCH NOTES
BOOK REVIEWS
NEW BOOK
INTERVIEW WITH THE ARCHAEOLOGIST
REGIONAL REPORT
VISIT TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
MESSAGE FROM THE COMMITTEE
MEMBERS’ COMMUNICATIONS
NEWS FROM THE COMMITTEE
Comments and Discussion
ARTICLE
Reconstruction of the interment process of
multiple burials in the Late Jomon: An application for the Karinba site in
Hokkaido
AONO Tomoya
AONO Tomoya
Abstract: This article presents a
method for judging whether or not the space around an interred body
was filled with soil after burial based on the position of artefacts
which had been attached to the body at the time of burial.
Previously, determining that whether a body had been left exposed in
an open interment or was covered within a filled interment was based
on the position of the bones.
Firstly, I examined the position of artefacts in cases where the type of burial could be judged from the position of the bones. This enabled me to establish a method to determine the type of burial from the placement of the accompanying artefacts alone, even if the bones did not remain.
Secondly, I applied this method to single and double burials from the Late Jomon period to test the reliability of the method.
Thirdly, I applied the method to burials of more than three bodies to reconstruct the interment process. The result revealed that at the Karinba site, where up to seven people had been buried together in a pit, bodies were placed one by one as the person died. This is contrary to the previous interpretations that all of the deceased had died and been buried at the same time, or that the bodies had been collected from other places and reburied together.
Firstly, I examined the position of artefacts in cases where the type of burial could be judged from the position of the bones. This enabled me to establish a method to determine the type of burial from the placement of the accompanying artefacts alone, even if the bones did not remain.
Secondly, I applied this method to single and double burials from the Late Jomon period to test the reliability of the method.
Thirdly, I applied the method to burials of more than three bodies to reconstruct the interment process. The result revealed that at the Karinba site, where up to seven people had been buried together in a pit, bodies were placed one by one as the person died. This is contrary to the previous interpretations that all of the deceased had died and been buried at the same time, or that the bodies had been collected from other places and reburied together.
Keywords: Late Jomon; Karinba
site; multiple burials; filled or open interment; excavated context
of artefacts.
RESEARCH NOTES
Stone weights in the Yayoi period: Discovery of
weight standards in prehistoric Japan
MORIMOTO Susumu
Production of shaen shinjukyo and shaen shijukyo bronze mirrors
JITSUMORI Yoshihiko
REPORTS, NEWS AND
APPEALS
MORIMOTO Susumu
Abstract: Stone artifacts of the
Yayoi period, recovered from a pit (SK3165) at the Kamei site in
Osaka prefecture, are regarded as weights used with a balance scale,
showing that accurate measurement of weight was conducted in Yayoi
society. Among the 14 stone objects recovered as a closely assembled
group from the pit, with the exception of 2 that are clearly
distinguishable as whetstones and 1 as a pestle, the remaining 11
items were judged to be weights. Apart from a single example thought
to be unfinished, they comprise 2 nearly complete sets. Taking the
lightest item as the value of 1, they follow a perfect series based
on powers of 2 and with no breaks in the sequence, as 1, 2, 4, 8,
16, and 32, and with only a slight degree of error. These materials,
dating back to before the start of the Common Era, are highly
significant for considering the history of a system of weights and
measures.
Keywords: weights; weights and
measures; basic sets; Yayoi period; Kamei site.
Production of shaen shinjukyo and shaen shijukyo bronze mirrors
JITSUMORI Yoshihiko
Abstract: This paper examines the
derivation and system of production, plus the period and locus of
manufacture, for two types of bronze mirror, shaen shinjukyo
(slant-rimmed deity-and-beast mirrors) and shaen shijukyo
(slant-rimmed four-beast mirrors). Two schools, the Wu-zuo and
Qing-gai, are identified in the production system of shaen shijukyo.
Both are linked in derivation with the Liu-shi school first
identified by Ueno Yoshifumi for gazokyo (mirrors decorated with
mythical images in flat relief), and it is pointed out that Qing-gai
shaen shijukyo in particular can be seen as influenced by banryukyo
(curved-dragon mirrors). It is also shown that some design elements
on shaen shinjukyo derived from those of gamontai dokoshiki
shinjukyo (mirrors bearing an outer image band, and centrally
decorated with deities and beasts having the same orientation),
implying that shaen shinjukyo appeared later than this gamontai
style. An investigation of the use of taboo words in mirror
inscriptions revealed that both shaen shinjukyo and shaen shijukyo
appeared no later than the first half of the third century, and do
not belong among Late Han mirrors, and furthermore, there is a high
possibility that shaen shinjukyo in Phase I of the author's
chronology, plus all shaen shijukyo, belong to the period preceding
the Western Jin dynasty. As for the locus of manufacture, from the
form of the knob hole these mirrors belong neither to the Wei nor Wu
mirror groups, and their geographical distribution suggests an area
from the Shandong peninsula to Liaodong and Lelang. In conclusion,
it is thought that shaen shinjukyo and shaen shijukyo were produced
in and around the region under the political influence of the
Gongsun clan.
Keywords: shaen
sinjukyo(slant-rimmed deity-and-beast mirrors);
shaen shijukyo(skant-rimmed four beast mirrors);
production system; Three Kingdoms period; Gongsun
clan.
Special Topic: Archaeology in the Earthquake disaster 5
Future of the cultural properties involved in our lives: Report of attendance at the 43rd meeting of the National Association for Protection of Cultural Properties at Okayama
KISHIMOTO Michiaki and KOKETSU Ayaka
Nobody loves the Negoro-ji site?
KISHIMOTO Naofumi
The evacuation zone around the Fukushima no.1 nuclear power
plant of TEPCO and cultural properties
SANPEI Hidefumi
Current condition and problems of the cultural properties damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake in Shichigahama town, Miyagi prefecture
TAMURA Masaki
Current situation and problems of Kamaishi city
MORI Kazuyoshi
SANPEI Hidefumi
Current condition and problems of the cultural properties damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake in Shichigahama town, Miyagi prefecture
TAMURA Masaki
Current situation and problems of Kamaishi city
MORI Kazuyoshi
Future of the cultural properties involved in our lives: Report of attendance at the 43rd meeting of the National Association for Protection of Cultural Properties at Okayama
KISHIMOTO Michiaki and KOKETSU Ayaka
Nobody loves the Negoro-ji site?
KISHIMOTO Naofumi
BOOK REVIEWS
Michael R. Waters. Geoarchaeology: Archaeology Based on
Geology, translated by MATSUDA Jun’ichiro et al.
INOUE Tomohiro
TAJIRI Yoshinori. Production System of Bronze tools in Yayoi Period.
YOSHIDA Hiroshi
INOUE Tomohiro
TAJIRI Yoshinori. Production System of Bronze tools in Yayoi Period.
YOSHIDA Hiroshi
NEW BOOK
"The Miyagi Archaeology" No.14 involving 'Special issue,
Record of damage to Cultural Properties by the 2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake and Cultural Rescue Activities'
INTERVIEW WITH THE ARCHAEOLOGIST
OBATA Hiroki, Frontier of Paleoethnobotany with replica
method . Interviewed by TOKUDOMI Koichi, NAKATA Shuhei and MATSUMOTO
Naoko
REGIONAL REPORT
News from Osaka: ‘An introductory course on Yayoi period’
at the Museum of Yayoi Culture
HAMADA Nobumitsu
HAMADA Nobumitsu
VISIT TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Kohasu and Asakura tumuli, Kochi prefecture
SEIKE Akira
Archaeological sites of Post-Angkor period, Cambodia
SATO Yuni
SEIKE Akira
Archaeological sites of Post-Angkor period, Cambodia
SATO Yuni
MESSAGE FROM THE COMMITTEE
MEMBERS’ COMMUNICATIONS
NEWS FROM THE COMMITTEE